RavA/RavR two-component system regulatesXanthomonas campestrispathogenesis and c-di-GMP turnover

Bacterial c-di-GMP Is an Immunostimulatory

The characterization of a cyclic-di-GMP (c-Di-GMP) pathway leads to a new tool for studying c-Di-GMP metabolic genes.

Second messengers play an integral role in regulating a wide variety of pathways in response to triggers from the extracellular milieu. The intracellular second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) has been shown to regulate microbial adaptation to extracellular environments in myriad ways. Primarily studied in Gram-negative bacteria thus far, c-di-GMP regulates motility, biofilm formation, ...

The Streptomyces master regulator BldD binds c-di-GMP sequentially to create a functional BldD2-(c-di-GMP)4 complex

Streptomyces are ubiquitous soil bacteria that undergo a complex developmental transition coinciding with their production of antibiotics. This transition is controlled by binding of a novel tetrameric form of the second messenger, 3΄-5΄ cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) to the master repressor, BldD. In all domains of life, nucleotide-based second messengers allow a rapid integration of extern...

Genetic Modulation of c-di-GMP Turnover Affects Multiple Virulence Traits and Bacterial Virulence in Rice Pathogen Dickeya zeae

The frequent outbreaks of rice foot rot disease caused by Dickeya zeae have become a significant concern in rice planting regions and countries, but the regulatory mechanisms that govern the virulence of this important pathogen remain vague. Given that the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is associated with modulation of various virulence-related traits in various microorganisms, here ...

Alterations of c‐di‐GMP turnover proteins modulate semi‐constitutive rdar biofilm formation in commensal and uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Agar plate-based biofilm of enterobacteria like Escherichia coli is characterized by expression of the extracellular matrix components amyloid curli and cellulose exopolysaccharide, which can be visually enhanced upon addition of the dye Congo Red, resulting in a red, dry, and rough (rdar) colony morphology. Expression of the rdar morphotype depends on the transcriptional regulator CsgD and occ...